Motorcycles

Motorcycle - a 2-wheel (or 3-wheeled) vehicle (perhaps as a sidecar or not) maximum weight up to 400 kg and the internal combustion engine 50 cm ? or with an electric capacity of more than 4 kW. While these rules may be different in other countries.

Motorcycle Class

During the development of the motorcycle, is quite changed its appearance and characteristics and design features, adjusting to the different specializations and operating conditions. Who can distinguish five major classes of motorcycles: sport bike, classic motorcycle, cruiser, enduro and scooters.

Classic motorcycle

Classic motorcycle or" bike for every day. "

design of this class is quite simple and easy to maintain. Currently, classic motorcycle can be of any cubic capacity of 50 cc The main attributes of the class is geometry, which provides direct driving position (pilot sits exactly without bias and reliance on the steering wheel). The classic fit is comfortable for long drive.

Engines classic motorcycles generally medium enforcement, which allows for maximum resource. Since the Japanese motorcycles resource is typically more than one hundred thousand miles. Classic Japanese motorcycles typically have the following features: 4-cylinder in-line engine, usually with air-oil cooled steel duplex or half-duplex frame with a removable liner, the practical no plastic lining - there are only plastic fenders, side covers and small, usually plug without adjustments, dual shock absorbers, chain drive, a full seat for driver and passenger, luggage rack with fastening coffer, or klipony wheel (steering wheel of the 2 - x halves) a straight landing pilot, not tilted forward, fairly roomy tank, a set of options on-board equipment, alloy wheels in the replacement of old spitsovannym.

Street Fighter

Street Fighter - type of motorcycle, which switched from sports class in classic. Usually streetfighter - this sportbike without plastic. streetfighter often made of sportbikes (kastomov-streetfighter) - this removed most of the plastic lining of the motorcycle. streetfighter, mass-produced, taking as a basis for part of sports motorcycles, engines deforsiruyutsya about 20-25%. Sport motorcycle design elements are simplified to reduce costs, while maintaining most of the ride quality. Examples of such motorcycles - Honda CB-900F Hornet, Yamaha FZ-1 and FZ-6 and, Suzuki GSR-600 ...


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Classic touring bike

motorcycles specially made for longer trips. These bikes have a large cubic capacity engine, fitted with a plastic cone (or even closed in plastic) and are between classical and sport-touring bikes. fundamentally different from sports and tourist bikes - less engine power and sharpened by the lack of fast driving. Many of these motorcycles are air-cooled engine. Addition, for longer trips, put a large amount of the gas tank and saddlebags Capacity (usually 3 units).

Luxury tourist

Manufacturers classic touring motorcycles and created a new class - "luxury tourist", which consists of only a few flagship motorcycle travelers. These bikes are designed for traveling in comfort and have a lot of options that make these bikes are comparable to cars. Disadvantages luxury tourists are their price, size and weight. Large dimensions complicate driving in the city, but give unquestionable advantages for country roads.

kuboturoy motorcycles with small engine

In contrast to tourists, there are classic bikes with small cubic capacity engine, designed to drive every day in the urban cycle. These bikes have a 1 or 2-stroke engines of 125-250 cc, structurally simple, and are the most popular motorcycles in the world (due to the low price.) These motorcycles consume about 3 liters per 100 kilometers, have no problems with spare parts and supplies (which are also very inexpensive.) These motorcycles are able to provide the owner a comfortable ride at a speed of 50-80 km /h, enough for the city.

sport bike

sport bike (or sportbike) appeared in the 1920s, with the appearance of motorcycle racing, where the main characteristics of motor-vehicles are top speed and acceleration dynamics. These bikes are made to operate at high speeds on the roads of quality asphalt roads.

Sport bike

Sport bike today - a combination of high technology, used in the MotoGP race and moved into production models. Sport bikes are available with 2-stroke engines of 50 cubic meters. cm and with a 4-stroke 250 cc main emphasis in the production sportbike is on achieving maximum power and control at high speed.

sportbike Features: To reduce air resistance, light is completely enclosed plastic casing. sportbike Sports version is without headlights and turn signals. Engine often or inline 4-cylinder (Japanese sportbikes, the Italian MV Agusta, ; BMW), or V-type 2-cylinder (Suzuki TLR, Honda VTR, Italian sportbike except MV). You can find motorcycles and other designs - V-shaped 4-cylinder (introduced in MotoGP with Honda and Yamaha, Ducati), inline 3-cylinder (Triumph and Benelli), 1-cylinder (2- stroke sportbike with obemom125 cc), in-line 2-cylinder (eg Kawasaki Ninja 250), 2-cylinder boxer (the BMW). Have a liquid cooled engine, often equipped with oil cooler placed across ramy.Atmosfernye engines, sometimes with inertial supercharging. Sport motorcycles with turbo and nitrous oxide to participate in drag racing, have a capacity of over 300 liters. with.

In sportbike as used aluminum parts - wheels, frame, swingarm, fork, cross-arms, which allows even the civilian capacity of 1000 cc sportbikes. See hold weight up to 180 kg. Also introduced for the design of suspension, very reduce unsprung weight (cartridge fork inverted, monoshock, swing arm pivot, etc.). ;

To improve handling have to do the minimum angle of attachment plugs, resulting in "vobblingu." To avoid this, the plant has obychto sportbike go with the steering damper (structurally resembling auto buffer), which dampens vibration steering wheel and prevents loss of control and the fall of the motorcycle. Also, due to the speed and dynamics, sport bikes are available with maximum performance brakes. Usually it is hard disc with radial mount brake calipers, carbon fiber-reinforced flap discs and brake lines.

Vyusknaya system usually direct flow or semi-direct flow that can quickly take gases from the engine and release them from behind a motorcycle, not holding to the Silencing elements, making this class of motorcycle appeared feature - a loud exhaust. Often, such a system is made of carbon fiber.

for track racing, sportbike put slick tires (tires with no tread pattern), with civilian use - is special. tires for maximum efficiency control and braking. usually 17-inch wheels 120/70 front and 190/55 rear.

pilot is to minimize air resistance and achieve maximum control during cornering: footrests raised and pushed back, the pilot sits heavily leaning forward or lying on the tank. Landing Pilot is not conducive to long-term travel. sportbikes the civilian passenger seat or absent (replaced aerodynamics

amicheskim cap), or did not provide passenger comfort.

When flying a sports bike, the highest requirements for qualification driver and protective gear . Ekopirovka should obeschpechivat maximum protection from impact and abrasion on the asphalt. Sportbike occupy first place in the number of accidents and victims of road accidents, including riding without protective gear - unjustified nonsense and bluster.

sportbike prices are quite high. Furthermore, they can vary considerably depending on the configuration, for example, civil Honda CBR-600RR costs about U.S. $ 12,000, while the racing Honda CBR-600RR Hannspree - about 87,000 U.S. dollars.


sportbike can be divided into classes: sport, supersport and sport-tourist. Supersport - is the speed motorcycle with four-cylinder 1000 cc

Sport tourists

Sport-tourist - sports bikes with smaller capacity engines adapted for long-distance travel on good asphalt roads. They have a seating position close to the classical mount saddlebags and a good wind protection. Some bikes of this subclass include shaft drive the rear wheel.

Cruiser

Cruiser - motorcycles, derive «Harley-Davidson», specializing in motorcycles of this particular class. Names 2 most common types of motorcycles in its class - Chopper and Cruiser.

Chopper - stump in translation. This name was in the 30's in America. Then to stand out, some riders have shortened wings their Harley-Davidson, which gave motorcycles impetuosity. In the 60's fashion for the choppers came to Japan. At the same time, there were movies about bikers America, which further increased the popularity of choppers. Cruiser is often difficult to distinguish from the chopper, despite the fact that he has long established their own style. So he has a big fuel tank, large wings, extra lights, lower and comfortable steering wheel, and also a lot of other accessories, of which there are usually not on the chopper. Also, the slope of the cruiser and fork length significantly smaller than that of the chopper, because for him the opposite fork length - the most characteristic feature.

Cruiser

Cruiser still retain their design features and elements of style. Classic Cruiser is equipped with a V-shaped two-cylinder engine, usually with liquid cooling, which has developed finning cylinders. Usually the angle collapse of the cylinders - 45 degrees.

steel frame duplex or half duplex. There is a plastic or steel lining part - big end caps and deep wings. Wheels - spitsovannye identical or nearly identical in diameter (front - 17-18, 15-17, back in). The rear wheel is wider front.

Cruisers are as many chrome parts - exhaust pipes, forks, exhausts, engine taversy, steering wheel, headlight, spoked wheels, various chrome lining.

as an element of style is worth noting separate seats (driver's seat is a large and often with the back passenger seat.) Form steering is usually done so that the pilot is leaning slightly back. Wheel itself often wide. If, nevertheless, the wheel is flat, then the deviation of the pilot back is achieved through offsets. Running boards are made so that the pilot had feet in front of him, near the engine.

back sides hooked sumkopodobnye leather saddlebags. Front is another cylindrical carry case - "loaf."

teardrop gas tank, and usually large, often with integrated speedometer.

Almost everyone has a very comfortable cruiser rear suspension with 1 or 2 shock absorbers to absorb Most of the road surface and making long trips very comfortably.

Often cruisers mounted windscreen. If the bike is designed for long trips, the wind glass is quite large. Main headlight cruiser - a large bullet-shaped in chrome housing. Often on cruisers installing more lights, attached to the sides of the main lights on the bike fork.

Choppers

Features chopper: V-type 2-cylinder engine as the cruiser, but almost always with an air-cooled, camber cylinder (almost always) and 45 degrees.

frame with a raised steering column. Virtually no lining. If it is, then more often than steel. Shortened narrow wings and a small side covers. Front and rear wheels vary greatly in size - the front narrow 19-21 inch diameter, the rear is wide and the diameter of 15-16 inches. Conspicuous fork with a large angle to the road.

On motorcycles, the style of old, as well as some completely new models, put lever fork (springer) or parallelogram (girder), which are designed for operation at angle to the road fork to about 45 degrees.

driver's seat is quite small, passenger and even less or even absent. Although sometimes there are choppers with seats, practically no different from kruizernyh, high back.

Form steering quite specific - rather high and strongly curved. So is there and straight handlebars dragbar type, but they have large offsets. Since this bike is not is designed for long trips, its fuel tank relatively nebolshoyy.

rear suspension is usually available hard (like hardtail). To increased amounts of production motorcycles even uberayut rear shock, replacing it with a spreader. There are also suspension softeyl - simulating stiff suspension, but has shock.

dashboard as it is lacking - the design is only a few chrome speedometer and warning lights. All mirrors and lights are made in a minimalist style: small headlight and brake light, small chrome mirrors.

Cruisers and choppers - the most conservative type of motorcycles. They are still being made with engines that have lower location cam, injector for them - one of the innovations. Light cruisers in modern alloys are not used, in addition, many choppers small cubic capacity of 800 cc still equipped with rear drum brakes. However, due to movies and commercials, cruisers classic look are very popular and commercial success.

addition to the main subclasses (cruiser and chopper), they can be attributed to the family several types of motorcycles: dregster luxury cruiser, power-cruiser, and possibly custom.

dregster

dregster - chopper with a 4-cylinder engine, suspension, brakes and road bike. Widespread popularity of this class got after the movie "Mad Max", which shows the motorcycle in this class (Kawasaki KZ-1000 1977). The popularity of motorcycles is also based on speed characteristics.

Luxury Cruiser

Luxury Cruisers - usually flagship of the cruiser of some motorcycle manufacturers. From conventional cruisers they are easy and equipment for longer trips. They are available with wind protection (plastic fairing with mounted headlamp), fairings (plastic) for legs, plastic coffer. In addition to their arsenal, there are a large number of additional equipment and similar equipment motorcycles class "luxury tourist».

Luxury Cruisers are a small number of models. The main of them - is Harley-Davidson Ultra Classic Electra Glide (founder of the class), Victory Vision, Yamaha Royal Star Venture and Honda Valkyrie Interstate.

Power-Cruiser

demand for power and speed generated Power-cruisers - cruisers with engines of large cubic capacity and a capacity of more than 100 hp They are equipped with their power brake, inverted fork and reinforced construction. The main representatives: Harley-Davidson VRSCA V-Rod, Kawasaki VN-1700 Mean Streak, Honda VTX-1800, Suzuki M-109R Intruder, Yamaha XV-1700 Warrior and others. Their performance characteristics are comparable to the sportbike, but they have the appearance of a cruiser.

Custom chopper

customizing - making unique, different from the existing production models, motorcycles with their hands. Most of kastomov done in class choppers. These bikes are built on the as the order of the serial (engine, brakes, wheels ...), and created his own hands (fuel tank, frame, fenders) parts. Kastomov enthusiasts do not just customizing the piece. They are made in small batches and specialized companies such as Orange County Choppers, Custom Chrome, Big Bear Choppers, American Iron Horse.

Enduro

(from the English endure - to overcome) These bikes are designed for off-road or bad roads. < /span>

main features of this class:

• suspension bike is designed to overcome the uneven terrain.
• spitsovannye wheels with off-road tread or tread dual-purpose (for driving on the road as well as on asphalt roads)
Many have
• enduro engine with 1 cylinder.
• travel enduro with cubic capacity of over 600 cc have a V-shaped 2-cylinder engines with the collapse of the cylinders 45-60 degrees.
• Rudder high and wide with a special hand protection.
• Frame - duplex.
• front wing - large, can protect the pilot from flying in the face of dirt.

Enduro can be divided into several classes, significantly different from each other in design: motocross bikes, enduro, travel enduro, "hardwood enduro" motardy and trial bikes. < br />

motocross bike

motocross bike - a product of off-road racing and cross country. Operation of this type of motorcycle on public roads is prohibited.

Features:

long-travel suspension to withstand jumps and driving on different types of plastic bezdorozhya.Minimalnoe - tiling, tank and fenders. The very flexible plastic, not falling apart on impact.

Wheels spitsovannye large 21 inch front and 17 inches in the rear. Tread rubber terrain with big lugs.

1-cylinder, two-stroke engines from 50 to 250 cc, or 4-valve, 4-stroke volume of up to 250 cc Liquid cooling with the "dry" sump. Lubrication comes from the oil tank to in any position the engine is not arose oil starvation.

seat is long and hard, because route driver is standing on the pegs. Small gas tank.

not like the instrument panel.

brakes are rather weak and easy to druntovogo coverage.

direct flow exhaust system, and the 2-stroke motorcycles with the cavity, due to this system motocross motorcycles have loud exhaust. To minimize the weight on these bikes no electric starter and battery. Instead, they need only a kick-starter.

Hard Enduro

Hard Enduro (Hard Enduro) - practically motocross bike, only adapted to civilian use. These bikes are equipped with minimal lighting and instrument panel. Some models have an electric starter. In addition, the hard-enduro come with engines larger volume - 400, 450, 600 and 650 cc These engines are and air-cooled.

Grazhdanchkie enduro

"Civilian" enduro - are more adapted for use on general roads, while maintaining the ability to use on rough terrain.

They look like a motocross bike, but have a softer suspension, allows you to ride sitting on the seat.

wheels with dual purpose tires are much more manageable on asphalt than rubber motocross bikes. Engine less forced, so is a great resource. In sump lubrication system with oil. in the exhaust system has a normal muffler.

These bikes have a complete set of lighting, battery and electric starter. The brake system is also more suitable for use on asphalt - brakes quite powerful and rarely with petal discs. There is a passenger seat and even the trunk. Fuel tank volume also increased. Civic enduro out from the conveyor with single-cylinder 4-stroke engines from 125 to 650 cc

travel enduro

Travel Enduro - reworked for motocross bike rally" Paris-Dakar Rally. "To participate in the rally, the bike has to withstand a long ride on the road.

Motorcycles in this class have a plastic body kits and windshield to protect the driver from wind, dust and sand. Powerful engines usually 1-cylinder capacity of 600-800 cc or V-shaped 2-cylinder capacity of 750-1000 cc These engines are capable of providing a long ride on the road at high speed.

Lighting quite powerful, able to provide acceptable visibility in bad road conditions.

developers such motorcycles are trying to design the most comfortable conditions for the pilot. The wheels are 19-inch front and 16 rear. Rally also makes use of large capacity fuel tank for long drive.

addition terrain conditions require the encryption of the engine and the elements of the motorcycle design, which is implemented in tourist enduro.

All this makes this class of motorcycles is quite heavy and reduces their permeability (compared to motocross bike). These bikes (due to the heavy weight and high speed of movement on the road) is pretty hard to control, so pilots must be highly qualified.

Parquet enduro

For civil service was established a kind of tourist enduro - parquet ( civil) travel enduro. They are also equipped with more powerful engines from 650 to 1200 cc . cm, which resulted in an increase weight - more 200 kg.

Parquet enduro have a korotnohodnye suspension and reduced clearance. Wheels often aluminum, rubber, with a wide profile. Powerful brakes with ABS are often contribute to the handling on pavement. plastic clothes close most motorcycle. There is a high wind glass and high-grade two-seater seat. On the trunk are metal trunks.

Motard

Motard - Enduro type, originally created in France, which is equipped with wheels and brakes of the sportbike. This type is designed for extreme driving on paved roads and urban roads. Motardy able to climb stairs and run into curbs. They differ from their hard-enduro wheels for urban tires and powerful brakes.

Currently bikes in this class are made most major motorcycle manufacturers.

trial motorcycles

motorcycle trials were set up to trial bikes. They allow you to perform various tricks and pilots are able to ride over rocks and slopes with artificial obstacles insurmountable by any other motorcycles. These are the most enduro weight. They have dvigateleyami 2-stroke 50 to 125 cc with great traction and low speed. Seat-Trial motorcycles are not needed.